Physical Reality

Spinal Antomy
In order to comprehend the concepts presented in this book it is essential to acquire a clear understanding of the vertebral column's basic anatomy.

Directional Terminology
The following terms are frequently used in medical terminology to describe anatomical directions. They can be used to describe the entire body or any of its parts. One should have a familiarity with them in order to fully understand the concepts, positions, and movements described throughout the book:

Structural Anatomy
The spinal column has classically been divided into several structurally and functionally distinct sections, the cervical spine, the thoracic spine, the lumbar spine and the sacral spine. Largely, this book deals with the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar sections since the sacral section is functionally fused and offers little opportunity for mechanical manipulation except where it interfaces with the lumbar spine at L-5, which is probably the most problematic area in the spine because it is the first mobile segment above the rigid pelvis.

Pathological Anatomy
These discs, being unique structures, break in a unique, pressure-induced, manner by herniating.

Disc Hydraulics / Mechanics
Since the majority of back pain emanates from problems related to the intervertebral disc, a discussion that is centered around the inter-relationships of anatomy, physiology, and mechanics is most pertinent.

Disc Herniation Pathology
As these forces act upon the posterior elements of the fibro-cartilaginous laminations, the individual fibers are caused to deform and bow posteriorly outward.

Compression Forces
It is important to fully understand the compressive forces acting upon the disc. Here, visualize, again, the two vertebral bodies separated by a balloon filled with water to reproduce the disc unit, illustrating the hydraulic and mechanical forces.

Correlation of Mechanical Anatomy with Disc Pain
Pain is an extremely interesting phenomenon, it can protect and teach while at the same time can intimidate and destroy nearly all enjoyment of life. Another means of differentiating whether the source of pain originates in a disc or from some other source is that TRACTION can transiently relieve disc pain

Traction Forces
Another means of differentiating whether the source of pain originates in a disc or from some other source is that TRACTION can transiently relieve disc pain.

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